How should countries deal with falling birth rates?

How about enabling young couples to actually afford raising children?

Corporations are going to want the cheapest possible solution, so immigration is far more likely.
Exactly this. When a family could buy a house and raise a whole bunch of kids on one minimum wage income, you had a baby boom. Now wages have stagnated where you can barely make it as a childless couple on two wages, why the hell would you have kids in that environment? They spent 50 years chipping away at any kind of social program that helps people, and now they're complaining that the capitalist eternal growth Ponzi scheme could collapse.
Indeed. I think providing assistance to parents would be the best solution.
Yea no of course they aren't going to do this, they are going to do the most blunt pigheaded way to solve the problem (for the time being)

I think asking why population needs to continue to rise?

We got a huge percentage of humans who are struggling. Many under educated. We got slavery. We got wars. We got food issues. We literally were just in a worldwide pandemic.

How about fixing that before we fix "the population" problem?

We got a huge percentage of humans who are struggling. Many under educated. We got slavery. We got wars. We got food issues.
I'm not convinced that these problems would be addressed by a smaller population. On average, people today are better educated, more peaceful, and better nourished than they were 100 or 500 years ago. I think this is mainly due to technological progress rather than population size.
I think asking why population needs to continue to rise?
I don't think the population needs to rise, but there will definitely be problems if the population shrinks rapidly over just a few generations, one of the main ones being "who will take care of all the old people?". Japan and Korea are already struggling with this, and other countries are not far behind.
- I’m not convinced that these problems would be addressed by a smaller population. On average, people today are better educated, more peaceful, and better nourished than they were 100 or 500 years ago. I think this is mainly due to technological progress rather than population size.
  I didn't read it as saying smaller populations would fix this necessarily, but that we should focus on fixing those problems before we worry too much about falling birth rates outside of countries like Japan and Korea that have such elderly populations. Even if letting the population drop doesn't directly cause the prevalence of these problems to drop as well, I think trying to force the matter of growing the population before addressing these problems would likely only aggravate them. We can't necessarily count on technological progress to keep up with infinite population grow, so we'll continue to outpace our ability to find adequate solutions with our ability to generate massive problems for ourselves.
yes
Most economies are rooted in growth based policies. As if there is an unlimited amount of everything for everyone.
And we see this because it is a system that brutally punishes you if you aren't able to have things
(Massive oversimplification)

I agree we should let our populations decline, but it still needs to be a managed process. That's how they should respond; manage the declining population in ways that minimize human suffering.

Tax the rich.

Issues I see

Having two kids in daycare, costs more than the average mortgage around here.

A lot of healthcare premiums double for adding a family.

Taking a bus out riding your bike to pick up your kids doesn't work for most.

People that plan are going to come to the conclusion there is no good time to have kids.

Fix global warming. Fix political polarization, bigotry, hate, etc. The economy isn’t the only reason this generation is holding back from bringing children into the picture.

Any way, maybe a smaller population on our limited resource rock ain’t too bad an idea?

Political polarization?
Polarization isn’t a problem, fascism is. Authoritarianism is. Oppression is. That’s a one-sided issue. Nobody wants to live under someone else’s boot-heels, being told whether or not they are allowed to enjoy fundamental human rights and liberties.
When we start aggressively crushing right wing ideals and ringleaders, THEN - and only then - will civilization have the opportunity to heal.
- I think what they're saying, and what I agree with, is polarization leads to extremists. Our society is full of stupid people, and catering to the lowest common denominator means painting your opposition as a caricature and yourself to be the polar opposite of them.
  Fascism and authoritarianism are extremes. If we have a less polarized political environment then there is room for subtlety, nuance, and understanding.
- Okay. If you don’t think polarization leads to tribalism and is a first step to civil war, then perhaps you should pick up a history book or two.
  Edit: You’re even showing it your response. Us v. “them”.

Create better pathways for legal immigration and make life in modern society less dystopic so that people actually want and can financially afford to reproduce.

But who would be villified in thier place???

When population declines enough, population will go back up.

Population decline isn't a bad thing. The Black Plague, WW1, WW2. All were more severe population declines and the result was improved lives for everyone.

the result was improved lives for everyone
for everyone who survived.
I'd argue that the lives of those who died from wars and plagues got much worse, particularly due to the whole "dying" part.
- But not having babies isn't killing anyone. It's the best type of population decline. It's also slower than war/plague so it's an easier transition.

This question ends with that a country shouldn't compete with other countries but provide a good living environment for it's citizens.

Let population go down.

Remove low density housing downtown and built higher density. Have a land value tax. Prices will drop.

Actually educate and train the local workforce. Only allow immigration when it meets certain requirements or from very close countries. E.g. you have a business with 10 engineers with 5 years of experience. Prove you have tried to hire 10 engineers with 0 years of experience and none have been made redundant in the last 5 years. If there is a country wide shortage of those engineers with 5 years of experience then you can hire foreigners. Have lower business taxes in places with high unemployment. Public works for things like high speed rail and cycle paths.

Have free child care and free things for teenagers to do.

Taxes would go up but so would employment and discretionary income. Crime would drop.

Would be a win, win, win.

All it would require it telling members of the aristocracy, land owning MPs, and rich baby boomers all to fuck off.

Edit: also cheap renewable energy, robotics and precision fermentation is going to destroy the labour market anyway. So that's going to be a whole thing we need to deal with.

I nominate this guy for president.

End capitalism, Degrowth

regulation to make poisoning the populace immensely punishable, and make living affordable

Some people see global population increase as a cause for concern. Some, often the same people consider national population decline a problem. Is it really that difficult to arrive at a conclusion under these circumstances?

Yes it is, because the conclusion requires you to not be xenophobic.
- You‘re right. But then we got to direct this hate towards the rich!

Developed countries should make a family affordable.

As additional support, make it easy for cities to organize events where people can meet. Maybe love hotels and mixers like in Japan would be good too.

Guulotines for the oligarchy.

Government mandated big tiddy goth gf /jk

On a serious note, we as a society needs to setup our priorities in the right places. Most people around me are struggling to pay for their living expenses, even after getting higher education degrees, they are struggling to get jobs. How can people think about having children when the society is built around extreme capitalism? (Get as much money from consumers as they can pay)