In the US there is no notice period for firing in "at-will" states (which is all except Montana). It goes both directions though, there is no notice period when quitting. So chances are, if the OP is in the US, the boss was full of it.
Eh, if you're really done and just refuse to do anything they say, they'll have you discharged inside a month. The couple times I saw it happen it actually looked like a relief on both sides. Nobody bothered the guy leaving anymore, and he would willingly do office chores again for the last 3 or 4 weeks.
Of course you don't get all of your benefits, you can never come back, and the re-enlistment codes are regularly leaked so any HR will know how you left the second they see your discharge form.
When it gets nasty and takes months is when the leadership wants someone gone and the soldier insists on trying to to stay.
Well, they can but that particular employment method was abolished in the US (though not made illegal, which is an interesting distinction that definitely hasn't ever been abused before) with an obvious (to the people who made it) exception for prisoners.
Depends on the country. Here in the Netherlands you usually have a 1 month notice period. This is the default, you can put a different notice period in the employment contract but it’s not common. Regardless, the notice period for the employer is always double that of the employee.
2 weeks notice is a pretty much universal standard when quitting. Layoffs usually gives with severance pay, so unless you pay severance to the employer when quitting, giving a courtesy of possible doesn't seem like a lot to ask.
But severance pay is almost always part of consideration in a "you can't sue us" contract. So the company is not just giving you pay in lieu of notice, they're buying your rights away.
I've also seen plenty of corporations that punish you when you give two weeks notice by immediately barring you from working and you end up losing two weeks pay by planning on being considerate.
Honestly if you’re the one person maintaining a system you don’t even have to sabotage, just the act of leaving itself is sabotage, and that you most definitely cannot be sued for