At my workplace we have sketchy-looking unsigned Applescripts to install printers on Macs. You have to find the right file for the printer you want to install, and run it, or ask IT to do it for you.
It's not ideal, but everyone that tries to improve the printing experience ends up ragequitting. Last I heard, someone in IT was looking into some sort of "print anywhere" solution where you just install one virtual printer driver and print to it, then scan your badge at any printer to see all your print jobs and print them. Not sure what the status is with that though - haven't heard about it for a while.
I thought I saw that Mac has the same CUPS print service/printer manager that Linux uses? In fact it seems like apple developed it. I think that helps enormously with standardizing printer configs. https://www.cups.org/doc/admin.html
I think it does; it's just automated installation of new printers that's an issue as far as I know. Not 100% sure since I'm a software developer rather than an IT support person, so I never deal with stuff like that. (I also haven't used a Mac in 7 years)
Enterprise grade MFD printers often have a lot of features that don't get detected/mapped automatically, such as finishing options like staples and folding, as well as color management. I'm not a printer expert, I try to avoid them when possible, but I know that mass deploying those specific configurations in a safe and sane way seems basically impossible.
On the Fedora-based Linux machines, however, all of that seems to just pop in automatically, so I don't think it's a CUPS problem.