Again, it's not been shown to be a significant factor in the drop in crime in the 20th century. There's more explanation needed than just lead.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166046222000667?via%3Dihub
The lead-crime hypothesis: A meta-analysis
Does lead pollution increase crime? We perform the first meta-analysis of the effect of lead on crime, pooling 542 estimates from 24 studies. The effect of lead is overstated in the literature due to publication bias. Our main estimates of the mean effect sizes are a partial correlation of 0.16, and an elasticity of 0.09. Our estimates suggest the abatement of lead pollution may be responsible for 7–28% of the fall in homicide in the US. Given the historically higher urban lead levels, reduced lead pollution accounted for 6–20% of the convergence in US urban and rural crime rates. Lead increases crime, but does not explain the majority of the fall in crime observed in some countries in the 20th century. Additional explanations are needed.
Systematic reviews / meta-analysis
The first meta-analysis of the lead-crime hypothesis was published in 2022. "The Lead-Crime Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis", authored by Anthony Higney, Nick Hanley, and Mirko Moro consolidates findings of 24 studies on the subject. It found that there is substantial evidence linking lead exposure to a heightened risk of criminal behavior, particularly violent crimes. This aligns with earlier research suggesting lead exposure may foster impulsive and aggressive tendencies, potential precursors to violent offenses. The study concluded that, while a correlation between declining lead pollution and declining criminality is supported by research, it is likely not a significant factor in reduced crime rates, and that the link is generally overstated in lead-crime literature.
The study's implications point towards the potential benefits of reducing lead exposure to decrease crime rates. Such reductions could be achieved through initiatives like removing lead from products like gasoline and paint, water pipes and enhancing lead abatement measures in schools and residences.
While yes, it's most likely not a significant factor in the drop in crime:
Systematic reviews / meta-analysis
The first meta-analysis of the lead-crime hypothesis was published in 2022. "The Lead-Crime Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis", authored by Anthony Higney, Nick Hanley, and Mirko Moro consolidates findings of 24 studies on the subject. It found that there is substantial evidence linking lead exposure to a heightened risk of criminal behavior, particularly violent crimes. This aligns with earlier research suggesting lead exposure may foster impulsive and aggressive tendencies, potential precursors to violent offenses. The study concluded that, while a correlation between declining lead pollution and declining criminality is supported by research, it is likely not a significant factor in reduced crime rates, and that the link is generally overstated in lead-crime literature.
The study's implications point towards the potential benefits of reducing lead exposure to decrease crime rates. Such reductions could be achieved through initiatives like removing lead from products like gasoline and paint, water pipes and enhancing lead abatement measures in schools and residences.
Republicans have argued that Biden is responsible for high levels of crime. He has responded by saying that violent crime has fallen. He's right.
In the original announcement, it was stated as temporary.
In addition to U.S. military humanitarian airdrops and the U.S. government's efforts to continue sustaining and expanding assistance going in by land, as President Biden announce last evening, the Department of Defense will undertake an emergency mission to establish a temporary pier in Gaza, working alongside like-minded countries and partners. And I'll provide an overview of the concept, and then will be happy to take your questions.
I appreciate the apology. I'm as well sometimes guilty of presuming tone where there isn't.
Additionally, I can understand that sometimes the things I throw can be caught harshly, and don't mean it as sharply as it could be taken.
Ok buddy, I'll take a page from your book and be more clear about my aggression next time. To be clear, I wasn't being passive aggressive with you.
Enjoy your grass.
No need to get worked up here. I was asking a question too, in case you had been reading articles that I haven't. I get you're simply curious and didn't know if that kind of figure is typically included in this kind of reporting. I'm responding by asking if you'd seen different and stating that from what I've seen that percentage breakdowns are not frequently included, which is not surprising to me.
That ok with you?
Are percentage breakdowns frequently included in reporting on humanitarian aid delivery? I haven't seen this to be the norm, and wasn't wondering why it wasn't included.
https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/23/politics/aid-gaza-us-pier/index.html
Aid groups have begun distributing the humanitarian assistance offloaded at the US pier in Gaza to Palestinians, after encountering significant obstacles on distribution routes including Hamas drones and looting that delayed the deliveries.
More than 500 metric tons of food and other humanitarian aid offloaded at the pier has now been handed off to humanitarian partners, and two-thirds of that aid has distributed to or is in the process of reaching those in need, a top US Agency for International Development (USAID) official told reporters on a call Thursday.
The distribution comes several days after the US military’s pier operation launched and got off to a rocky start.
Aid deliveries from the pier to warehouses inside Gaza were initially hindered by a Hamas drone attack on the IDF “several miles away” from the pier that led to a freeze on convoy movements, and some trucks were looted along one of the distribution paths earlier this week, Vice Admiral Brad Cooper, the deputy commander of United States Central Command, said in a call with reporters on Thursday.
As a result, the US military had to help USAID come up with alternative, safer routes for trucks leaving the marshaling area on the beach near the pier and traveling to the warehouses.
Deputy commander of U.S. Central Command Navy Vice Adm. Brad Cooper said 820 metric tons of aid have been transferred to a beach transfer point on Gaza's shore since the temporary pier became
Despite the valiant effort, I think the user you're responding to is adamant to not understand the premise of the article or what you're trying get across.
Agree, while we're not there, progress is being made.
https://www.epi.org/publication/bidens-nlrb-restoring-rights/
Summary: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) during the Biden administration has supported workers’ rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining, standing in stark contrast to the Trump administration’s anti-worker record.
Key findings
President Biden has nominated experienced worker advocates and increased funding to the NLRB—the independent agency responsible for protecting private-sector workers’ organizing and bargaining rights. The Trump administration, however, appointed corporate lawyers to leadership positions and hollowed out the agency by not filling vacancies.
President Biden’s appointees have advanced the NLRB’s mission by addressing issues such as employee status under the law, the scope of concerted activity protected by the law, the representation process, and remedies for violations of the law.
The Biden NLRB has made significant progress in undoing the damage inflicted by the Trump administration’s appointees and in restoring workers’ rights, but more remains to be done.
Structural weaknesses in the law continue to be an obstacle to workers seeking to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining.
Right, what that says to me is that there are mixed increases and decreases.
When deflating using CPI, we find smaller increases across three of the four measures and a decline in one measure.
Could you tell me how that says there are consistent decreases? I mean, it even says there are consistent smaller increases.
Edit: additionally, the data tool they provide shows an overall increase in pay with respect to CPI.
Could you quote the section of the article where it says pay is consistently falling behind increases in cost of goods? My quoted section seems to disagree.
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/has-pay-kept-up-with-inflation/
We find that all four measures of typical and aggregate pay, adjusted by PCE, have grown since 2019. When deflating using CPI, we find smaller increases across three of the four measures and a decline in one measure. In other words, nominal pay by these measures has done relatively well in keeping up with overall costs of living since 2019, measured by PCE. Nominal pay has done somewhat less well in keeping up with increases in the costs of goods and services that are much more salient to consumers, measured by CPI. This pattern is consistent across time periods, with pay deflated by CPI experiencing smaller increases—or instead decreases—relative to pay deflated using PCE.
That might not be wrong though?
Was Obama president 5 years ago?
You:
Especially in cases like this where the gain in wages is outpaced by inflation…
The article:
Young high school graduates experienced 9.4% real (inflation-adjusted) wage growth between February 2020 and March 2024.
Yea, I hear ya.
Perhaps you didn't understand what "real wage gains" means? Because that doesn't track based on the article.
Additionally, I'd be better off owing 999 than 1000, objectively.
Got it, hope the first part of my comment clarified things for you too.
Perhaps because whether there is inflation or not it could be a good thing that graduates are seeing real wage gains.
If they weren't, I trust you'd complain about that too?
As with young college graduates, young high school graduates are experiencing a much stronger labor market today than before the pandemic and at any point since 2000. The fast economic recovery from the pandemic shock is a direct result of the aggressive fiscal policy response that matched the scale...
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that cannabinol (CBN) and its derivatives could protect brain cells from aging and damage, showing potential for treating neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and traumatic brain injuries. These findings suggest new therapeutic avenues for neurodegeneration...
Views are split by political party, but support for legal abortion has risen modestly in both groups since before the 2022 Dobbs decision.
Same people, they've been making biodegradable footwear for a bit now.
We find that all four measures of typical and aggregate pay, adjusted by PCE, have grown since 2019. When deflating using CPI, we find smaller increases across three of the four measures and a decline in one measure. In other words, nominal pay by these measures has done relatively well in keeping up with overall costs of living since 2019, measured by PCE. Nominal pay has done somewhat less well in keeping up with increases in the costs of goods and services that are much more salient to consumers, measured by CPI. This pattern is consistent across time periods, with pay deflated by CPI experiencing smaller increases—or instead decreases—relative to pay deflated using PCE.
Further, using PCE inflation, there have been gains in real pay across measures relative to the fourth quarter of 2021. Since the fourth quarter of 2022, deflating by either inflation measure shows gains in real pay. Finally, since the fourth quarter of 2023, real pay grew as measured by Average Hourly Earnings, the Employment Cost Index (ECI), and Total Compensation as reported in the National Income and Product Accounts. Real pay as measured by Median Weekly Earnings fell sharply, reversing an almost equally sharp increase in the previous quarter.