I work with a code base that is perhaps going through a similar transition. Performance hasn't really been a consideration and so when new functionality is tacked on we're frequently making a new API call even though we might already have the data somewhere else.
I don't have a name for the pattern or anti-pattern, but people's responses seem to indicate that it's largely a good thing, the change that you're making. I'm reminded of a Martin Fowler-esque or TDD idea that a function should either retrieve data or process it. However I wasn't able to find a blog post about that with a quick search.