Deaths induced by compassionate use of hydroxychloroquine during the first COVID-19 wave: an estimate

Since there are 3 stages in the disease, I wonder; Is this about early state use(when they say it's effective) Or late state use? So then the question would be: died because of using, or died while using..

The paper says:

• hospitalized: So late stage, so ineffective.

Wonder what else they did wrong.. how about dosing?