The proverb you can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear means you can’t create a fine product from inferior materials.
I'd argue it's closer to 朽木不可雕^. 巧婦難為無米之炊 (巧妇难为无米之炊) is more like you can't make stuff without the necessary requirements.
^朽木不可雕: Lit. Rotten wood can't be carved, metaphorically You can’t teach a student that is too dumb.
... Well actually no. Upon looking into these 3 idioms further while composing this comment, I leaned more and more towards that 巧婦難為無米之炊 is actually closer. Why? Because 朽木不可雕 applies only to humans and it puts more of a focus on the rotten wood (aka the dumb student).
I guess this comment was kind of useless lol but I decided to post it anyway because I put in way too much effort
German for "like father, like son" is "the apple doesn't fall far off the tree trunk". But many people nowadays use "the apple doesn't fall far off the pear tree", which is a variant that I think originally was supposed to suggest illegitimate fatherhood.
That’s interesting, because “the apple doesn’t/didn’t fall far from the tree” is a known Anglophonic saying that basically means that a child turned out a lot like a parent (gender not necessarily specified). I wonder if one is a calque of the other.
If I understand the original idiom, the nearest French expression would be “you can't make a race horse from a donkey” (“tu ne peux pas faire un cheval de course d'un âne”).