In general Germany tends to have more small companies that are serving ultra-narrow niches and fewer huge companies that the average person would know.
those companies can’t compete with US companies simply because the US intentionally let their corporations grow without limits in the past so they would be essentially without competition worldwide because of their size.
Within Germany, those are typically seen as extremely old-fashioned, "verkrustet". Bad at innovation, not modern in culture, etc.
I have no idea how true that is, but it's a perception that doesn't help them attract talent.
The other issue is that big tech are money printing machines. Google makes a profit of more than $300k per employee (that's already after paying the high salaries!), Bosch less than $5k.
Tech companies are paying much better because they can also afford it, unlike everyone else.