More detail than what you would want to know about pila
More detail than what you would want to know about pila

acoup.blog
Collections: Roman Infantry Tactics: Why the Pilum and not a Spear?

To resume :
- is a heavy javelin : throw (twice), pick up later if able, high(ish?) chance to get damaged on impact
- great at piercing & disabling shields
- likely useless at melee, sword & shield would have been used for that after having thrown both of them
- uses a lot of expensive iron (steel?)