Amerikkka is doomed to become fascist because a significant portion of its population is functionally illiterate, and too prideful to try to learn how to read.
I could be wrong since I wasn't there...but I have a stinking suspicion that the majority of successful leftist movements in history didn't happen on account of a highly literate populace who all individually read karl marx and decided they needed to do a revolution at the same time.
i grew up poor surrounded by poor people. first time i landed in the west we lived in public housing among asylum seekers. my conditions led to my own decision to educate myself of alternative ways to live/take a step away from western programming.
no one around me grew to become radicalized by living condition. they either took the punches and continued to play the game, or turned to crime (i don't blame them). i think it's also why i find it difficult to fully integrate into leftist groups; the loudest voices are often from the most privileged
It is both, both are necessary. Material conditions set the stage for struggle but it requires political education and organization to create radicals. The political education itself also emerges from conditions and history. They are co-creating.
Literacy is dropping due to erosion of the education system, as Imperialism eats itself alive. It isn't out of pride, necessarily, that's a post-hoc justification.
This is not a well developed take from me, but I think that Amerikkka is doomed to fascism because of the abundance of petit bourgeois people, bourgeois centred attitudes, and settler history and mentality. I'm sure that illiteracy is a part of it, but IMHO it's not in the top 5. I'm worried that this might be ableist, but I'm not exactly sure.
After their revolutions China and Cuba both made major reforms and have some of the highest literacy rates in the world.
I don't know what the literacy rates were for revolutionary Cuba, Russia, or China, but I'm willing to bet they weren't great. Something tells me Batista and the Czars were not running efficient public education systems.
Basically every successful Communist revolution immediately instates major literacy programs after the initial victory to empower the populace. It isn't a prerequisite.
It is doomed to fascism because it is a highly successful settler colonial project built on genocide. It's immense wealth and the relative comfort of it's citizens depend on exploiting and murdering people outside it's borders