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GIS (Short for Geographic Information Systems)
My brother had expressed interest in this, but I don't entirely understand what it means. Would you give me a brief eli5 overview maybe?
Sure, I'd love to. It's more ELI10 that ELI5 tho...
It's very likely that you or your brother played an adventure game or an RPG on your computer. When you get lost in such games, or simply want to know where your character that your playing needs to go, you open up a digital map. On that map you usually get all the information you might need - what is your current location, where your active quests are, maybe even different parts of the world, if it's divided into 'zones'.
Such interactive maps are a great example of what GIS does. The town or city you live in, usually uses a similar interactive map. Instead of active quest, their system might show things like parks, points of interest like turist spots or parking spaces. It might also show how many people live in what part of the city, their average age and income.
Beside your local municipalty, other companies or organization also use GIS. Their systems might show other (spatial) data that interest them.
Fire department might have a system that shows historic data - where they've had most fires, what the current situation is and where their units are dispatched at the moment.
Your Internet provider might have a map of their network and any issues along it. Maybe even overlay of property lines, so that they know who to contact when they'd like to expand their network and put new optical cables in the ground.
The system that collects and shows similar data as mentioned above is usually referred to as a Geographic information system. In it's most basic definition it is a system for collecting, storing and displaying spatial data.
Thanks, this was helpful! It seems then that it's a bit of a broad field with a lot of different applications. Do you work in the field? What does a typical workday typically entail!
Yes, you are right. It's a lot like working in IT, with special data types and some processing.
In typical setting we basically separate the system in three layers: (1) data - file servers and databases, (2) services - Servers that read this data and offer API endpoints that programs can call, that return visualised data in form of images or individual features (see: WMS, WMTS, WFS...) and (3) User/presentation layer - the (web) applications that endusers access (think Google maps / Google Earth and similar type of apps)
On my typical work day I work on one or more of above "layers". Be it data aquisition, server administration, debugging services, programming end user application, or simply helping our users understand how to use the data... being in IT though means that there also are a lot of nonse meetings involved :)