If you build a state machine on top of a relational database you can abstract concurrency problems away from your business logic and allow developers to write safe-by-default code without dealing with concurrency concerns. This post explains how to build a library that offers those protections, and ...
I don't understand why the most_recent field is needed. Surely the most recent state can be derived from the order field and the unique constraint on it can prevent concurrency issues if the previous sequence is taken before the state change. The benefit would be that the transition history table could then be append only.
I think the most_recent is to power the unique index constraint. This "powers" the whole thing.
Whereas the sort_order is to allow easy sorting, which is just for human readability. You could argue that you can rely on the "created_at" for this.
Considering the examples increment it by 10, I assume this is to allow admins to manually override a sequence or force a data consistency thing or whatever.
I guess separation of concerns? One is for the system, one is for display?
A unique Boolean is easier to query than sorting and limiting?
Maybe you don't ever need the ability to display a history, but you still want the history (instead of just making the transaction_id unique constrained)... so you just drop the sort_order column?
I understand what you are saying.
Maybe that's just how they went about it. Originally planning on using created_at to do the ordering, then later realising that a customisable sort_order is required so they can make things make sense without having to fudge timestamps.