I have a fairly healthy diet, with little risk of diabetes, but sweeteners screw my digestion up. They are now in so many things that it’s hard to avoid them, especially in soft drinks and mixers. For the rest of the world that doesn’t eat an American diet, the balance of the risk presented by sugar vs diabetes is not as one-sided as all that
There are loads of those. Like tons, from all around the world. “Big sugar” really, really isn’t much of a thing outside the us, and a lot of these studies are either data-aggregation from larger groups of studies, like this one, or studies over long periods of large groups, like most of those referenced in that article, particularly those covering Coronado and kidney disease.
The statement is partially true. Some artificial sweeteners, such as sucralose and aspartame, have been shown in certain studies to affect insulin response. However, the effect can vary depending on the sweetener, the individual, and the context (e.g., whether consumed with other foods). The evidence is mixed, and not all artificial sweeteners have been proven to significantly impact insulin levels.
Overall, while there may be some effects on insulin response, it's not a uniform response across all artificial sweeteners or individuals.