A change in thinking about energy needs to happen to truly understand why Wind and Solar and a bit of storage is enough. You have to accept that at times there will be overproduction of power because storing it to hit exact use capacity isn't cost effective. Some storage makes sense, but its much cheaper to have more capacity.
What I think will happen in the future once we reach the point this is how most energy comes is more people will be on Octopus like smart energy schemes where you might get paid for using electricity and there will be companies that use this to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. We are approaching a world of energy excess but only at certain times and there are opportunities to use that energy for the right reasons to reverse the damage we have done with CO2 emissions.
In case of nuclear winter, I don't think renewable energy is going to be the main concern.
However, it is possible to put solar panels on satellites that transmit the energy down to the surface. It's costly and dangerous, but a benefit over surface solar is that the satellites can point at the sun for longer time during days and send the energy to places that are not in the sun, thereby producing solar power 24/7.
It's wildly impractical and expensive, but in case of nuclear winter it may be a realistic solution.
Nuclear winter is a severe and prolonged global climatic cooling effect that is hypothesized[1][2] to occur after widespread firestorms following a large-scale nuclear war.[3] The hypothesis is based on the fact that such fires can inject soot into the stratosphere, where it can block some direct sunlight from reaching the surface of the Earth. It is speculated that the resulting cooling would lead to widespread crop failure and famine.
The only thing is that they take up a hell of a lot more space and are a lot more unsightly than "dirty" power plants. Nuclear power is great, the only quandary is what do we do with the spent fuel rods since they're radioactive for about another 10,000 years.
Nuclear meltdowns like what happened at Chernobyl and Fukushima wouldn't happen in the US. The only nuclear accident we've had was Three Mile Island which is nothing compared to the above two. Also terrorists attacking nuclear power plants wouldn't happen either because the walls of pretty much every reactor in the US are like 30 feet thick of reinforced concrete, they can withstand direct hits of a 747 or a missile (my dad worked on the one here in NJ), if an ICBM with a nuclear payload is targeting a nuclear plant, we're already fucked.
The primary finding of the study asserts that wind and solar energy have the potential to generate a staggering 2,896 terawatt-hours (TWh) of energy annually.
Yes, and most of that will be produced during summer, where our needs are at their lowest, and will therefore be wasted. The problem with solar and wind has never been production potential.
Seriously? Anyone involved economically will care. The energy company, their suppliers and vendors, and the customers. No one wants to pay for huge overcapacity.
If we could store the excess energy and use it in higher-demand times (like long winter nights) that would be another story. But storage has always been the major challenge with solar and wind.
Tesla battery apparently have a density of 244-296 Wh/Kg, so does that mean 1000 metic tonnes of of batteries at 289.6 Wh would be enough to provide annual storage here? That doesn't seem infeasible or unreasonable for something potentially so beneficial.
Lithium battery is usually not what's is used for grid scale batteries. The new natrium batteries could do that and are made from far cheaper and more abundant materials. The energy saving concrete also promises to be a good solution when used instead of regular concrete and candy be built directly beneath renewable power plants.
Terrawatt is 10^12 so 1000 tonnes of battery would give you around 200MWh of storage. To get to 2000 TWh you are looking at 10,000,000,000 tonnes of Li-ion batteries. For a bit of scale, thats like turning around 10% of mount Everest into battery.