The European Sky Shield initiative brings together a coalition of willing nations to deploy 120 European fighter jets over Ukraine, offering real, tangible security guarantees

That's an interesting proposal. Freeing up Ukraine's air force for offense would certainly be beneficial. I wonder if it would be considered an article 5 situation if one of these aircraft were downed intentionally or otherwise. With the situation here in the US, I'm not sure if full engagement with Russia would be ideal for the EU. I have confidence they could handle themselves, and they do have a degree of nuclear detterance, but putin is willing to gamble more than they are.