I know they'd be misused by our current judicial system and end up being bad, but: shame based punishments. If white collar criminals getting a slap on the wrist also included being put in the stocks for a few days so everyone can tell them how awful they are I think that'd be an improvement
Put Musk in the stocks and use his money to fund crates of rotten veggies to throw at him. He can come out when all of his money has been spent and all of the veggies have been thrown at him
As part of the punishment he must be kept alive until every last dollar has been spent. His money can be used on life extension research as well for the purposes of this specifically and all research must be made public
These do sometimes still happen, at least in Amerikkka. It normally takes the form of a person standing outside the courthouse holding I sign saying "I littered" or whatever.