everything is chlorinated. i get painful rash if i ingest chlorinated water, so basically everything was undrinkable. this was also true for soft drinks the time i visited Vegas, so my options for hydration were extremely limited.
In north america, yes. i have municipal water, i've stayed in hotels all over europe, and i've never had the feeling of drowning in a pool when drinking tap water before going over there. the worst thing i've encountered in europe is filtered tap water, which tastes like charcoal but is drinkable. the chlorinated water just made my throat close instinctively.
Typically yes water is chlorinated. By the time it hits your cup, most of it's gone and is save to drink. If you let the water sit out longer, all the chlorine should dissipate.
I think it might depend. Chlorine should, but chloramine doesn't (which I only know because the latter can really mess up home aquariums). Since our water just has chlorine, I leave it out overnight before doing water changes.
It's typically both. So little chlorine you won't notice unless you have a particular condition like op or you're doing something weird like growing algae. You can also just leave a glass of water out for a while and the chlorine will evaporate out of it.
our tap water IS chlorinated, but it's very minimal, some people pretend that they can taste it, idk if i believe them on that one. But it's safe to drink and doesn't cause harm to most people, unless for example, you're allergic to it.